Fuel-injector for oil-engines.



H. R, KUHLER.

FUEL MENOR FOR 0|LENG1NE5 nPPlCAIGN FILED SEPTJP.. 18H@ 1 ,1 84,355?. Infenvd May 23, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

TWJ, l

INVENTOR H. R. KHLER.

FUEL iNlCTOR FOR OIL ENGENRS.

APPLICMION man swr` la. 1913.

l 1 84,355 zntvntvd Muy 23, 1916 INVENTOR AT FG'NEYS,

H. Rr KHLER FUEL [MENOR .EGR om imams.

APPUCAUN FIL SET.| \9i3. 1,184,355, Vntvimfd Maly 23, 1916 fi SHEUS'f-SHEET 3- "kus indiented` HERBERT El. KOHEEE., F s'x'.A Lotus,

DIESEL ENGINE COMPANY,-

EUELJN'JECTE 'EOE .01E-ENGINES.'

To (/lz'elwm 'it may concern lle it l\'nown that l. lllilnu-:n'r ll. Kollum, a citizen of the l`nited States. residing at St. llouif'. in tlu` Stute ol".\lissouri. hare in- 5 rented the foll(nring-descrihed llnprovelnents in Fllel-llrieetors for Oil-Engines.

The' invention iwan ilnprored fuell injection device for oil engines. :ind more. pnl'- 'tieull'lrlyi for en ;ines operatingon the Diesel cycle. although it. in applicaole t'o any type ol' al'iparatus` ill which liquid `tuel is :ltonlizedzuld injected under hea\\' pressure'.

l The features of inlproren'l'ent reside in thel structure and assemblage ol the parts. :ill of .15 which are extremely simple nud capahleotprmluction :it low cost with :rhighdegrlee of :1ccluac and also in the inode ol operation. which gives a material ilnprorenlent' in the combustion of the oil. while pernlit# tingT le5sdill'erence hetween the injection vand compression pressures.

' The drawiligs'lorluint a part'hereot illusg' trg'lte so lunch of the pl'el'erred eln.lodilnentI of the invention a# will he neceSary to in- 5 fforln those skilled in the art tullyfas `tothev Structure alld nlode oli operation thereof. v

"' l"i llre l i5 a central longitudinal Section: as will he nel olf so Ylunch el' a luel injector essaiv to illustratellnill\'entioll`.'the see-4v tion hein;r ill the plane l the nozzle orifice.

. Fig. 2 taken on a plane transreree to the plane of Y they .lnr/.f/,lc orifice. Vig'. Fig. i; 'l"i -l. 5. (l und 7. are'seet'ioml :ind 3.5 end views ofA the nozzle proper in ith' llecessive stagfea of ,plain'elh Figs. S and il :nea Hide riew :ind lhottolu plan..respectively ilthe atolhizel' sleeve l'`i i() is a cross-section thereof on #9 `line K X ol' Fig. l"i 9;. l'. a cross-section :l croHsScclion on lille Xll--Xll 0f Fig. 9;

sleeve. The. \al\ e chandler ol' ASion part 'l which may he screwed thereon these parlsfadapts theln to he fitted into a Seaton 't-llezengine so that. the nozzle atthe.

'end of the valve' elmmher will discharge directly int-o the'colnpresion or combustion 'spaeeol' Snell engine. indicated at 3.'. lVitllin kthe valve ehnn'lller there, is an atomizer u sleeve 4, which is fitted snugly against the UNITED STATES PATENT QEEICE.

MISSOURI.; AssicrNoE 0E s'fnLOUs, MIssoUE'LA CORPORA'EIQN 0E MESSQUEI.

Specification of L'tter Pte-nt.

-to the valve-seat lat l lows equally1 into is n. sinlilar Ylewon larger senle,`

23 is' an end View ol' lualnlfnctllre. as later exopposite siclefis nnirketl 1?."

. uniform pressure the injector ls provlded l 'n easing ol hushlng l and all extenv The, exterior eonfornnltion of To BUSRSULZEE EROS.-

clnunher wall und externally groored or fornled. .as deserlhed lelow' to provide channelb` between such wall and i'te-lt for the passage of oll and au"tothe'nozzle.14.

The nlorahle valve plug luenlhelenters the cas-ing 1 through-a `e'land (Silitordinary,

construction and extends :nrol. hf-,the here oljtl-le atonnf/.er sleeve, w'hclritelmely fits.

her. 'l`he packing ol" tho'gjland- Ginny heur lupon the endol the atcnnizer sleeve Eso aste nmintain it ill place. asilnheated.I as well as to keep the ralre tight against leakage.

Figs.-

to 125 illustrate-the `externaltorniation of the atoniizer .sleeref The cil-oss ellnnnel marked 7, appearing-lll'Figs,-S,lllltl l0.l registels with a laterally dispof'edxlir inlet connection S in the easingr y1. whenth ateniizer sleeve ,is in place in thellattel:v It is kept from rotatire displacement"b -n Snnill dowel-pin l at the nudi-fot theBlee-v. The compressed air enteringtlle (.Elrosfellnlinel T two longitudilnilehnllnels t) and lt). formed in thel Sinface oft-he -s'lee've 'l `nvchannels hloallenfout, laterally or circumferentially 'o'the sleeve. andt'ilnhraee. substantially the I' whole ei lclunfel'enee oflthesleele kwhen they forming 'behind r'eaeh the head flange '1.2, this -llang1e un annular Space: iol "elnlnlbeiz The' llal'ed'portions of the ehnnnelStl :intl 1.0 are marked 9 and 10, respectivelyfr. point where. they merge on one Sile of the sleeve, is lna'rlted-1'1; 'alul'appear in Figs. S and 12. The point'rl'llere the. fge on the llhe depth 'ol' iiicll'i'l'lng their the side Vchannel '9 :ind- 10,

4tional area forthe flow `of conlpl'l'issed nir lronrtlle ,lateralv inlet S'toth'e, n 'n'lllll-al' space hackof' the head ilangef nntl- Suhtanlizllly at all points in Such Spaee when the ,device isili action.` Frein a Vserie` otpoints in this annular spaeqfthe .\lec\'e is drilled 'with a' nlnnhel"ofjet'l'loles lil. the axes of which (tonrergetowariln 'point within the nozzle 14. '1 `l1e`se. ho l`es 'al"e fine and generously 'counterhorech as' Shown in the drawings, and tlleirouter 'o riliees open just in the rear of the valve Seatgol" the plug member Between the Side .thnnnels 9 :unl 10, the exterior of the atoniizer sleeve is. ent with 2l further channel 15, which is adapted the endI olf. tlie'ehaln- `creasing velocity, due to the to register with a lateral oil inlet connection 16 formed in the side' of the casing 1. Oil entering at this'point flows along the channel 15 to thel point 17, where it may branch or spread through the openings 17 a and 17" into the annular space behind the head flange 12, above referred to, and thence pass commingled and atomized with the air through the convergent jet holes 13 whenever the valve plug isremoved from its-seat 18. The said seat is formed directly in the nozzle member 14, by enlarging and coning the bore at the ,base of the nozzle, as indicated in the drawings, -and so that the smaller end ofthe coned portion merges directly into the bore ofthe nozzle proper. This bore is long and tapered and its internal shape is such. that its cross-sectional area diminishes gradually toward its orifice, and its sectional contour changes, also gradually, from substantially a circle at'its end nearest the valve seat, to a flattened ellipse or oblong slit at its discharge end, the said discharge slit being considerably lon er than the diameter of the circular portion of the nozzle bore, as shown in Fig. 1, and very much smaller in Width than such diameter, as shown in Fig. 2. -By such formation of the nozzle bore the atomized mixture of oil and air moves from the valve seat with an indecreasing cross-sectional area of the bore, and at the same time gradually changes its shape so as eventually to assume the form of a thin, flat, spreading blast when it enters the body of compressed, hot air in the combustion space 3. Either from this shape or the increased velocity, or by both, or by the elimination of possible stratification. that may exist in cylindrical or conical jets, or .by reason of all these conditions, of the valve mechanism above described gives a marked improvement in efficiency, as has already been Indicated.

For convenience in manufacturing this otherwise diiiicult shape or `nozzle bore', kI have devised a, method of making the same with few operations of simple character, and this method of manufacture also constitutes a part of the present invention. I first take a piece of stock, as indicated in Fig. 4, and drill and ream an axial hole through it of a predetermined diameter. I next fiatten one end of this piece, as indicated in Fig. 5, until the circular orifice beconies thin and flat as indicated in the end view of Fig. 5, taking pains that the interior convergence of the bore shall be as uniform as possible. I ne'xt turn the exterior of the piece to cylindrical or conical form, as may be desired, in order to assemble it with the extension part 2 of the valve casing, and as indicated for example in Fig. G; Finally I finish the nozzle by reamingr the outlet orifice to a desired and uniform dimension and then counv zle,

the practical operation.

another plane which is perpendicular to that 7 of Fig. 1, for instance that of the section of Fig. '2, the bore tapers convergently toward the discharge slit, being thus both convergent `and divergent, respectively, in two planes.

By opening the gland 6, the atomizer sleeve may be withdrawn from its casing, and when so removed will at onc'e expose all of the air and oil channels in the injectos for cleaning, there beingpno parts requiring to be separated or unscrewed for this purpose. The jet holes 13 by. length and -Wide counterboring are easily cleansed of any accumulated solid matter, while the nozzle itself and the Valve seat can be readily wiped from the open end of the casing without removal of the injector'from the engine.

I claim:

1. A fuel injector foroil engines comprisreason of their shortl ing a valve casing provided with a nozzle,

an atomizer sleeve fitting the interior of such air and oil channels leading toward the noza series of oblique jet-holes in such sleeve convergent at a point within the nozzle, said channels bringing a point adjacent the jet holes and before passing through the same, and a valve plug member controlling the passage of oil and air from the jet holes through the nozzle. 2. A fuel injector for oil engines, comprising a valve casingprovided with a long nozzle and lateral inlets for oil and air, an atomizer sleeve fitting the interior of such casing and externally formed with separate oil and air channels registering respectively with said lateral inlets and with jet-holes.

the oil and air together atv casing and externally formed with separate y ing a valve casing provided'with a nozzle and a valve seat formed in one piece with said nozzle, an atomizer sleeve fitting the interior of the said casing and externally formed with separate air and oil channels, a series of jet holes in such sleeve, in rear of the valve seat, convergent from said chan- I nels towardthe nozzle, said channels bringing the oil and air together at a point adjacent the et holes and before passing through the same, fvalve plug member extending through the sleeve into engagement with the valve seat. i

4. A fuel injector` for oil engines, comprising a valve casing provided with a long nozzle of diminishing cross-sectional area, an atomizer sleeve fitting the interior of such casing and externally formed with oil and air channels and with convergent jetholes leading toward the nozzle and a valve plug member operating through the sleeve upon a valve seat at the base of the nozzle.

5. A fuel injector for oil engines, comprising a valve casing provided with a nozzle. an atomizer sleeve itting the interior of such casing and externally formed with separate airand oil channels leading toward the nozzle, a series of counter-bored, short jet-holes drilled in such sleeve convergent at a point within the nozzle, and a valve-plug member working through the sleeve upon a valve seat at the base of said nozzle.

6. A fuel injector for oil engines cornprising a valve casing, an atomizing means therein including a series of convergent jet holes, a long nozzle in which the axes of such holes converge, such nozzle having a dimin'- ishing cross-sectional area from the jet-holes to its discharge orifice, a valve seat formed at the base of such nozzle and a valve plug lnelnber coacting therewith.

7. A fuel injector for oil engines, comprising a` valve casing, an elongated nozzle at thc end of said casing having a passage which diminishes in sectional area toward its discharge orifice and has a sectional contour changing from a substantial circle to an oblong slot or slit at its said orifice, a valve seat in rear of said passage, an atomizer sleeve fitting the interior of the casing and formed externally with both oil and air channels, said channels being in communication, convergent jet holes leading from said channels and opening in rear of the valve sait. and a valve plug member extending through the sleeve to engage with said sea't.

8. A fuel injector for oil engines comprising a valve casing, a valve plug and a valve seat and a discharge nozzle, the bore of such nozzle being formed with long convergent and divergent tapers, in different planes, extending from adjacent the valve seat to its discharge orifice.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in he presence of two Witnesses.

HERBERT R. KHLER. Witnesses:

FRANK P. BOYD, H. Fnmmnons. 

